Networking Basics

What is Networking?

Ans:-According to Tanenbaum network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers.

In real life, networking is a collection of interconnected things that is able to communicate with each other.

Example: -A network of road, A spider web.

What is a computer network?

Answer: -A network in which two or more sets of the computer are connected by which they will able to communicate each other and able to share what one has to others is known as Computer network.

 

Then why do we need networking?

Answer:- The answer is quite simple as we know that it is needed for sharing data and hardware to different devices connected to a network but networking helps us in many ways to make our life easy.
Yeah, it is used to share resources but also it saves our money and time and makes sharing thoughts easy and fasts then to use post system which is time taking and very complex. You can get connected with your loved ones in no time.

Another Question is where can we use the benefits of networking?

Answer:-

• It can be used at home to share files among family

• It is used to communicate with loved once.
• Used at banks for the transaction of money.
• Used by the defense.
• Used by the whole world for many purposes.

Technical Terms Related Used In Networking:-

1)Nodes(Workstations):-

Nodes are the computers which are connected to a network.

In others words, every computer which is in a network is known as nodes or workstations.

2)Servers:-

Servers are the devices which serve data and information to other devices connected in a network.

All the information are get stored in server and server passed all information to nodes.

Server are of two types:-

1. Non-Dedicated servers
2. Dedicated servers.

1.Non-Dedicated Servers:-

The server which is used as both nodes(Workstation) and Servers as well is known as non-dedicated servers.

Examples:- while you are sharing files among your friends.

These type of network is known as a peer to peer network.

2.Dedicated Servers:-

The devices which are used for only serving purposes i.e.only as a server is known as Dedicated servers.

Example:-File server.

Large companies used these type of servers.e.g.Google, Microsoft.

These type of network is known as Master-Slave network.

Servers:-

What is Network Interface Unit:-

As you know that there is an interface in your mobile and computer that helps you to interact with your operating system and you became able to use your device and that interface is known as SystemUI(System User Interface) like that computer also requires an interface to get connected with the network. This interface is provided via Network Interface Unit(NIU).

It is also known as Network Interface Card (NIC) and also it is known as Terminal Access Point(TAP). Different manufactures called them by different names.

MAC Address:-

As we had known about NIU then let us know about MAC Address.

MAC Address Stands for Media Access Control Address. This address is in NIU card.

This gives Identity to a particular system.No two computer has same MAC Address.

It is a physical Address of computer and it is a 6-byte code.

the code looks like this:- 10:B7:08:76:6T:GF

the first three are manufacturer ID and last three are card number

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IP Address:-

WE everyone lives in the world and we follow some rules and regulation and if anyone breaks the rules law protectors detects them by their identity catch them and punish them.

Rules are also known as protocols.

The Internet is so vast and every work in the 21st is century is done on the internet like bank transaction, etc.

It is necessary to look after it and see if anything is going wrong.

So tracking is important.

Now Let us discuss the internet protocols.

There are several protocols for a network:-

1. TCP/IP
2. SMTP
3. FTP
4. HTTP

Those above four are commonly used and TCP/IP is the main protocol.

 Full Form of those four:-

1. TCP/IP stands for TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL and this protocol is followed by every computer when it gets connected to the internet. You may say it as the Master protocol.
2. SMTP stands for SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL. Used to transfer simple mail over the internet.
3. FTP stands for FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL. It is used to transfer the file over the internet.
4. HTTP stands for HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL. I know that you have seen it while browsing the internet in your web browser...It is used to transfer HTML file over the internet.

Now we had known about protocols then What is IP  address.

The IP address is the address assigned to the computer when it gets connected Internet.

This gives the Identity of system browsing the internet. This address is assigned to the system by your ISP (Internet Service Provider.e.g:-Vodafone, Airtel, JIO,etc.) 

e.g.:-192.168.43.1:4638 is IP Address 

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF IP ADDRESS:-

1. DYNAMIC IP ADDRESS
2. STATIC IP ADDRESS.

                            WHAT IS DYNAMIC IP ADDRESS:-

The IP Address that is normally assigned to everyone by their ISP is continuously changing is known as DYNAMIC IP Address.

You might have thought that "Our IP address continuously changed then no one can track us while we are doing anything wrong. But actually, it is wrong your ISP has all record of your assigned IP address which and by your previous IP address they can know your latest IP address.

                                    WHAT IS STATIC IP ADDRESS:-

Simply the IP Address which does not change is known as STATIC IP Address.i.e.It is Static.

If you want static IP address that you have to give extra charge to your ISP as a special maintenance is required.

There is a website No-IP which gives you a static IP for 30 days for free and you have to renew your it after it is over.

In other terms, IP address is divided into two terms:- Local and Public 

The IP address that is assigned to your Router by your ISP is known as Public IP address and it same for every device connected to that router.

Another IP address is assigned to your devices by the router and it is different for different devices even if they are connected to the same router.